天津市印刷厂

彩色印刷设计的色调标准 

Color standard of color printing design

在印刷设计中，油墨三原色是采用不同的比例混合，来获得所要的颜色光谱色调值的。印刷设计在承印物上的三原色油墨的密度正确和平衡与否与印刷设计人员有直接的关系。印刷设计操作人员虽然只能在有限的范围内测量、设置油墨密度，不过这些密度范围可以帮助印刷设计人员获得较大范围的叠印油墨色，不论油墨是否透明，或承印物是否纯白。在印刷设计中我们可以十分方便地在各种相关的出版物上找到这些密度范围：如FIRST和SWOP标准中都有说明。 

In printing design, the three primary colors of ink are mixed in different proportions to obtain the desired spectral color value. The correctness and balance of the three primary colors of printing on the substrate are directly related to the printing designer. Although printing operators can only measure and set ink density within a limited range, these density ranges can help printing designers to obtain a larger range of inks, whether or not the ink is transparent or whether the printed material is pure or not. In print design, we can conveniently find these density ranges in various publications, such as FIRST and SWOP standards. It

印刷设计中根据指导说明上的油墨密度范围可以用于任何油墨叠印顺序，即YMC、YCM、CMY、CYM、MCY或MYC。但是印刷设计上是否每一种顺序都产生同一种颜色呢?其实不是。

In the printing design, the ink density range based on the instruction instruction can be applied to any ink overprint order, that is, YMC, YCM, CMY, CYM, MCY or MYC. But does printing design produce the same color in every order? Actually, it is not.

即使实地密度被控制在绝对值时，印刷设计中每种叠印顺序也会产生红、绿、蓝的不同叠印色，因为每种印刷设计上印刷油墨配方有各自不同的属性,比如影响遮盖率的油墨不透明度。所以，先印刷(印刷设计)的油墨干燥膜层的表面能将影响后印刷(印刷设计)的湿油墨的附着特性。 

Even if the field density is controlled in the absolute value, each printing order in the printing design will produce different colors of red, green, and blue, because each type of printing ink has different properties, such as ink opacity that affects the cover rate. Therefore, the surface energy of the ink drying film on the first printing (printing design) will affect the adhesion characteristics of the wet ink after printing (printing design). It

黄色颜料的遮盖率差，品红和青色颜料的遮盖率好。但是黄色颜料油墨的表面能高。 

The cover ratio of yellow pigment is poor, and the coverage rate of magenta and cyan pigments is good. But the surface of the yellow pigment ink is high. It

在印刷设计中进行颜色管理的第一步是确定最好的油墨叠印顺序和能够提供高呈色范围的密度平衡。 

The first step in color management in print design is to determine the best ink overlap order and to provide a high color density balance. It

GATF协会在多年前开发了一个简单的颜色六角形颜色图来使不同颜色的配比可视化。密度计可通过测量色相偏差、灰度和叠印色来显示颜色的优劣并与三原色相比较。 

GATF Association developed a simple color hexagonal color map many years ago to visualize the matching ratio of different colors. Densitometer can be used to measure the hue, gray scale and overlay color to show the color and compare with the three colors. It

例如，在六角形颜色图中互不相临的三个角上是理想油墨三原色(YMC)，另三个角上是叠印复合色(RGB)，六角形的中心是中性色(白到灰到黑)。油墨色强越大，越靠近各个角，越远离中性色。 

For example, in the hexagonal color graph, the three angles that are incompatible with each other are ideal ink tricolor (YMC), and the other three are overprint compound color (RGB), and the center of hexagonal is neutral color (white to gray to black). The greater the intensity of the ink, the closer to the corners, the farther away from neutral colors. It

当实际印刷设计的印刷色和复合色分布到六角形颜色图中时，三原色油墨(CMY)和复合色(RGB)的密度、色相差和灰度值就呈现了出来。因为油墨不是太理想，分布的六边形(不规则)将不与整个理想六角形颜色图一样大小，但它可以用作最优化印刷。因此，使用GAFT方法进行不规则六边形分布来显示印刷设计三原色和复合色信息，就可以得到最好的密度和叠印顺序。 

When the printed and compound color of the actual printing design is distributed in the hexagonal color chart, the density, the color difference and the gray value of the CMY and RGB are presented. Because ink is not too ideal, the hexagonal distribution will not be the same size as the ideal hexagon color map, but it can be used for optimal printing. Therefore, the best density and the order of the overprint can be obtained by using the irregular hexagonal distribution of the GAFT method to display the three primary colors and the complex color information of the printed design. It

通过测量颜色的覆盖区域大小决定了整个油墨呈色性能和印刷设计颜色的对比强度，当然区域越大越好。 

By measuring the coverage area of the color, the contrast intensity of the whole ink and the color of the printing design is determined. The larger the area, the better. It

其他密度值也可以作为印刷设计测量顺序的一部分进行分布，比如颜色的25%网点、505网点、755网点密度值。

Other density values can also be distributed as part of the printing design measurement order, such as color 25% dot, 505 dot and 755 dot density.

若这些其他色调值的分布集中就说明印刷设计是处于控制之中，反之，分布不集中就说明印刷设计失去控制，应当进行必要的调整

If the distribution of these other hue values indicates that the printing design is in control, on the contrary, the lack of concentration indicates that the printing design is out of control and should be made necessary.