天津市印刷厂

As a graphic designer, we don't need to have too much professional knowledge of printing, because after all, printing and design are two independent jobs, but they are closely related. To understand the relevant knowledge of printing and process is quite necessary, these printing knowledge will help us in the design stage can be considered to the finished product can be realized, has guiding significance for cost control and process selection. So what kind of printing knowledge do designers need? The content of this issue will answer for you.

桌面打印机、印刷机、喷绘机等印刷设备的色彩模型通常使用CMYK，是描述色彩的模型之一，相当于我们可以用不同国家的语言描述一个“苹果”一样。CMYK是青色、品红、黄色、以及黑色英文首字母的简称，黑色Black为了避免与RGB的Blue混淆而改为K，而电脑的显示屏、电视、手机、投影仪、数码相机、扫描仪等都是使用 RGB的色彩模型。类似的模型还有 LAB和HSB 等。

The color model of printing equipment such as desktop printers, printing presses and inkjet printers is usually CMYK. It is one of the models of color description, which is equivalent to the description of an apple in different countries. CMYK is cyan, magenta, yellow, and black English initials, black Black and RGB Blue in order to avoid confusion instead of K, and the screen of the computer, television, mobile phone, projector, digital camera and scanner are using RGB color model. Similar models include LAB and HSB.

CMYK是吸收光线的颜料色，颜料调配的三原色混合色为黑色，这与光的三原色相反是RGB的补色。三原色通过混合可以得出大多数的颜色，虽然理论上三种色彩可以得出黑色，只需要CMY三种油墨，但是由于目前制造工艺还不能造出高纯度的油墨，CMY相加的结果实际是一种暗红色。所以格外添加黑色油墨组成四色印刷色。

CMYK is the color of light absorbing pigments, colors mixed color pigment mixing is black, and this is contrary to the primary colors of light complementary RGB. Most of the colors can be obtained by mixing colors, although the theory of three kinds of color can be drawn in black, only three kinds of CMY ink, but due to the current manufacturing process cannot make high purity CMY ink, the sum of the results is actually a dark red. So add black ink to form a four color printing color.

复色黑或称四色黑（rich black或jet black），是CMYK 四色叠印而成。为了让大面积黑色更加浓重或校正黑墨常常偏暖色调，通常会采用复色黑。CMY数值并不一定要设置到100，更加常用的办法是在K90—K100的情况下，添加少量的C（青色）来互补偏暖的黑色。这样也让套色难度变小。对于文本来说，基本需要选择单色黑。

Color black or black color (rich black or jet black), CMYK is a four-color overprint. In order to make a large area of black or black ink often more dense correction will usually use warm color, color black. The CMY value is not must be set to 100, more commonly used method is K90 in the case of K100, adding a small amount of C (cyan) to complement warm black. This also makes the chromatic difficulty smaller. For text, it is necessary to choose monochrome black.

不通过四色合成色彩，而是专门用一种特定的油墨来印刷。 任何一种颜色都可以转换成专色，上图是四色合成出的绿色与专色绿的对比，专色油墨覆盖性强，具有不透明的性质，在色彩方面也较CMYK更加艳丽。从成本来说，专色印刷也会更加高昂。

Not by four colors, but by printing with a particular ink. Any color can be converted to spot color, the figure is the four colors of green synthetic and spot color green contrast, spot color ink coverage is strong, with opaque nature, in terms of color is more beautiful than CMYK. From the cost, spot color printing will also be more expensive.

我们可以通过潘通色卡等工具来快速查询专色效果，软件中也都有相对应的潘通色库。使用专色印刷的色彩，相对于四色油墨来说色彩更能够保证印刷中颜色的准确性。我们也可以选择CMYK无法实现的，金银色的专色以及荧光色来丰富我们的设计。这里提到的金银色带有反光质感，属于金属油墨，也称印金印银，但与烫金箔或金箔卡纸的金属质感还是具有差别的。

We can quickly query results by Pantone spot color tools are software corresponding to the Pantone color library. Using spot color printing, compared with four color ink, color can ensure the accuracy of color in printing. We can also choose the CMYK can not be realized, gold silver spot color and fluorescent color to enrich our design. Here there is gold and silver ribbon reflective texture, which belongs to the metal ink, also printed a golden silver, but the metal texture and gold foil or foil cardboard or having a difference.

在软件的拾色器中，我们经常会看到色彩旁的小三角形与立方体，它们都代表什么意思呢？顶部的三角感叹提示着当前选择的颜色超出了可印刷的范围，并在三角形下方给予推荐色彩，而下方的立方体则说明当前色彩在Web上可显示的最接近色彩。

In the color picker of the software, we often see small triangles and cubes beside the color. What do they mean? The top of the triangle indicates the choice of colors beyond the scope can be printed, and give the recommended color in the triangle below, and the cube was below shows that the current color in the Web can show the closest color.

因为印刷色的色彩范围有限，当我们想表现出在电脑中鲜艳靓丽的色彩时，就需要选择荧光专色来表现。印刷出来的荧光色，是在油墨中添加了荧光剂的专色油墨，相对于四色的暗淡，荧光油墨会显得更加鲜艳抢眼。缺点是价格昂贵，保质期短，色彩控制不易。基本很难不产生色差的标准化印刷。

Because the color range of the printing color is limited, when we want to show the bright and beautiful colors in the computer, we need to choose the fluorescent spot color to show. Printed fluorescent color is added in the ink of fluorescent spot color ink, relative to the faint of four colors, fluorescent ink will appear more eye-catching. The disadvantage is that the price is expensive, the shelf life is short, and the color control is not easy. It is difficult to produce standard printing without color difference.

传统的菲林输出已经被计算机直接制版系统（CTP）取代，在印刷时需要将图文画面分解成单色印板，有多少套色就需要出多少块版（包括专色印版）。版材的材料为铝基板，上面有感光材料，当在红外光的照射下感光材料中的感光树脂受热分解并聚合成像，就形成图文。

The traditional film output has been replaced by the computer direct plate making system (CTP). When printing, it is necessary to decompose the picture and text into monochrome printing plate, and how many color plates need to be printed out (including spot color printing plate). The material of the plate is aluminum substrate, and there is a photosensitive material on it. When the photosensitive resin in the photosensitive material is heated and polymerized under the irradiation of the infrared light, the picture and text are formed.

从油墨转移到承载物到技术来说，存在着多种方法。以上每种印刷技术都具有各自的优势与特点，除制作成本等差别外。在印刷的速度与色彩的表现力，以及批量印刷等方面的能力也各不相同。不同的印刷方式会产生不同的印刷效果。在设计过程中为了保证成品的最终表现力，应预先考虑到后期的工艺应用以及控制印刷的时间与成本。

There are many ways to transfer the ink from the ink to the load. Each printing technology has its own advantages and characteristics, the manufacture cost of arithmetic addition. The ability of printing speed and color expression, as well as batch printing capabilities are also different. Different printing methods produce different printing effects. In the design process, in order to ensure the final performance of the finished product, the process application and the time and cost of printing control should be taken into account beforehand.

平版印刷是利用水与油不相容的原理实现印刷的，印版上图文的区域亲油疏水而空白的区域亲水疏油。采用间接的印刷方式，平板上的油墨与水通过压力转移到橡胶滚筒上，再由着墨的滚筒压印到纸张上面。平版胶印在我国印刷行业中占据着主要地位，其特点是可多色套印，色彩鲜艳，印刷幅面大，杂色与污点少以及画面平整等优势。印刷品质量不会由于持续高速印刷作业而降低，适合大批量的高速作业。

Lithographic printing is the use of water and oil incompatible principle of printing, printing plate on the area of oil and water, while the blank area hydrophilic oil. The indirect way of printing, ink and water on the plate transferred to the rubber drum through pressure from ink to paper embossing roller. Offset lithography plays a major role in the printing industry in China. It is characterized by multicolor overprint, bright color, large printing format, less variegated and less stains, and flat picture. The quality of the printed matter will not be reduced due to the continuous high-speed printing operations, suitable for high-volume high-speed operation.

凸版印刷类似于印章的原理，因为空白部分低于印刷的油墨部分，所以压印的时候空白不会附着到油墨。由于图文部分与空白部分不在一个平面，通过压力印刷到纸面上空白部分会微微凸起，带有油墨的部分则会向下凸陷一些

Letterpress printing is similar to the principle of seal, because the blank part is lower than the printing ink part, so the blank will not be attached to the ink when coining. Because the image part and the blank part are not in a plane, the blank part will be raised slightly by the pressure printing to the paper, and the part with ink will be downward convex